Amplicon sequencing analysis takes the genome of environmental sample microbial populations as the research object, using universal primers to amplify a conserved region in the microbial genome (such as the V3 or V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene of bacteria, the ITS rDNA sequence of fungi, etc.). The amplification products are subjected to high-throughput sequencing as a template. After quality control, the species classification, bacterial community structure, phylogeny, and genetic diversity information of the sample is obtained by comparing sequencing clean data with a specific database. Amplicon sequencing analysis is based on high-throughput sequencing. Compared with traditional clone library bacterial community analysis, it has advantages in accuracy and comprehensiveness. Compared with metagenomic sequencing analysis, it is faster and less costly. Amplicon sequencing analysis provides a method for analyzing microbial composition and relative abundance in complex environment.